Which European States Are Arming Israel?

Many of the European countries continue to supply Israel with arms and weapons as it continues its military offensive on the Gaza Strip and in spite of the world accusation that Tel Aviv is committing genocide against the Palestinians.

Some European countries are top military suppliers, others are at the tail end but it is interesting to know that the great majority of European states sell weapons to Israel, its called the arms trade of Europe.

Anadolu compiled details of the European military sales to Israel since the outbreak of the war on Gaza after 7 October, 2023.

France, Italy and Germany, along with the United States have  accounted for 81% of the Middle East’s arms imports between 2019 and 2023, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).

Israel’s military spending spiked by 24% to $27.5 billion following its attacks on Gaza. It became the second-largest arms spender in the Middle East.

From 2014 to 2022, the European Union granted export licenses to Israel worth about €6.3 billion ($6.8 billion).

These weapons are suspected to have contributed to the deaths of more than 38,000 civilians in Gaza, including 10,000 women and more than 15,000 children, the Turkish news agency states.

Although some EU countries, including Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain, decided to halt arms sales to Israel, press reports maintain this trade has somehow continued.

Key European arms suppliers

Germany remains Israel’s largest European arms supplier, providing about 30% of Israel’s imports between 2019 and 2023. In 2023. This is whilst German arms deliveries to Israel increased tenfold to €326.5 million and peaking after 7 October.

Most of France’s arms exports in 2019-2023 went to Middle East states accounting for 34% of the total French exports. Paris is known to provide parts for Israel’s missile defense system, known as the Iron Dome.

Despite laws restricting arms sales to human rights violators, Italy sold €2.1 million worth of weapons to Israel in the last quarter of 2023. Italian Defense Minister Guido Crosetto claimed there have been no new arms transfers to Israel since 7 October, although there are reports of ongoing sales by companies such as Leonardo. Italy’s export licenses to Israel between 2014 and 2022, including for warships, small arms, artillery, aircraft and ammunition, worth €114 million.

The UK issued more than £448 million ($576 million) in arms licenses to Israel since 2015. In addition, 15% of the materials used in the production of the F-35 fighter jets purchased by Israel since 2016 are supplied by British companies, according to the London-based charity Action on Armed Violence.

Spain has not reported any arms sales to Israel since 7 October, but data from November 2023 shows a transfer of ammunition worth €987,000. Between 2014 and 2022, Spain issued export licenses worth €99 million, including for ammunition and military vehicles.

Other European suppliers

The Netherlands issued €19 million in export licenses to Israel between 2014-2022, peaking at €10 million in 2022 alone. A court ruling in the country in 2024 halted exports of F-35 parts to Israel, citing the risk of violations of humanitarian law.

Despite halting arms sales, Belgium transferred €46 million in arms to Israel between 2014 and 2022, including explosives and aircraft parts.

Portugal issued more than €12.5 million in export licenses to Israel, most of it for aircraft-related materials.

Austria’s arms licenses to Israel totaled €33 million, Slovakia’s €117 million, and the Czech Republic’s arms exports totaled €127 million from 2014-2022, with recent deliveries of ballistic vests and military equipment.

Hungary’s sales exceeded €15 million, with notable contracts for the production of drones involving Israeli and German companies.

Poland’s €4.9 million in arms exports to Israel, Slovenia’s €6.1 million and Romania’s €427 million included aircraft, military vehicles and ammunition transfers.

Bulgaria’s €49 million in arms included explosives and light weapons.

Serbia’s state-owned Yugoimport-SDPR reported €14 million in arms exports to Israel in early 2024.

The total value of the 21 export licenses between Greece and Israel was recorded at €7.6 million.

Nordic, Baltic countries

Sweden issued licenses worth less than €1.3 million for weapon sights and control systems, with a significant contract with Israel’s Elbit Systems worth $170 million in late 2023.

Norwegian companies have reportedly circumvented restrictions prohibiting arms sales to conflict zones through foreign subsidiaries.

Licenses issued from Denmark to Israel are worth more than €1 million, while the issuance of licenses worth €403,000 in 2022 was the largest sale ever between the two countries. The country is facing a lawsuit from a group of non-governmental organizations over arms exports to Israel.

Finland’s €2.4 million in licenses covered electronic equipment, armor and weapon sights.

Latvia’s €5.9 million in licenses peaked at €4.1 million in 2022. Estonia and Lithuania had minimal exports of around €300,000 each, mostly small arms.

Croatia, Luxembourg, Malta, Southern Cyprus

Croatia’s €681,000 in licenses covered armaments and ammunition. Export licenses between Luxembourg and Israel amounted to approximately €671,000, while the total value of Malta’s export licenses to Israel exceeded €17.5 million.

Southern Cyprus’ licenses were worth €97,000, with alleged support for Western military logistics to Israel, the Turkish news agency pointed out.

Israel, flouting a UN Security Council resolution demanding an immediate cease-fire, has faced international condemnation amid its continued brutal offensive on Gaza since an Oct. 7, 2023 attack by the Palestinian group Hamas.

CrossFireArabia

CrossFireArabia

Dr. Marwan Asmar holds a PhD from Leeds University and is a freelance writer specializing on the Middle East. He has worked as a journalist since the early 1990s in Jordan and the Gulf countries, and been widely published, including at Albawaba, Gulf News, Al Ghad, World Press Review and others.

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Beyond Extermination: Zionist Strategy to End Palestinians

By Nawaf Al-Zaru

In light of what is happening in Gaza — a Zionist war of extermination of complete destruction and annihilation of entire neighborhoods and demolition of homes on the heads of its people in the many cities, towns, and villages of the Strip, amounting to a policy of ethnic cleansing — coupled with the revealed plans to displace and resettle them, and in light of the silent, genocidal war of uprooting in the West Bank, it is to be asserted this war is but another stage in the Zionist terror campaign against Palestinian existence and civilization.

Our people have faced more than 77 years of policies of ethnic cleansing and open Zionist war crimes in Palestine, but today the world remains silent, failing to show the same resolve as it does elsewhere, and with lame-duck international institutions like the World Criminal Court failing despite the Israeli atrocities and military incursions in Gaza, Jenin, Nablus, Tulkarm-Nur Shams, Aqabat Jabr camp, Hebron and many other areas.

We have never witnessed such widespread destruction, mass killings, or genocide to children, women, and the elderly. We have never seen entire families burned alive as we have seen in Palestine since the beginning of the Nakba and the establishment of the Zionist entity in 1948.

We have never seen the complete demolition of cities, towns, villages, and neighborhoods, nor the complete erasure of a people’s civilization as is happening in Palestine, and Gaza especially. All these crimes were and continue to be committed in Palestine, broadcast to the eyes of the entire world, yet this world remains unmoved and untouched…!

Here, we will point to documents and testimonies related to the systematic destruction of Palestinian society as we have repeatedly mentioned in previous studies and reiterate here:

That the true, undeclared objectives of the Israeli occupation army is: Total destruction and demolition of Palestinian society.

Let’s set the record straight: What Benjamin Netanyahu and his Zionist war cabinet declared around-the-clock about their war aims — eliminating Hamas’s military capabilities and freeing the hostages (prisoners) — are nothing but false and deceptive objectives for public consumption. Their true, undeclared goals are the genocide of the Palestinian people, especially women and children, complete destruction of infrastructure (leveling everything above ground), and the mass displacement of Palestinians, with the entire Gaza Strip becoming uninhabitable.

An Israeli officer who served in the Gaza Strip revealed that the army’s missions here is almost entirely limited to securing large-scale demolition operations, which is a clear admission of the complete destruction of infrastructure and homes as being one of the war’s main objectives. In its July 18, 2025 edition, the Haaretz newspaper quoted the officer, identified only by his initials as saying: “The soldiers’ families need to understand what’s happening there. The primary, and almost sole, mission of the [Israeli] forces is securing the bulldozers’ demolition operations…”

He explained the operations are carried out under a military designation known as “roof-to- ground,” aiming to systematically destroy neighborhoods and infrastructure. According to the officer’s testimony, the Israeli army’s operations in the Gaza Strip are based on “massive demolition of homes,” without any precise intelligence about specific targets, repeating “what is happening is simply widespread destruction, carried out according to a pre-planned operational strategy and indicators.”

Meanwhile, Ronen Bergman, military affairs commentator for Yediot Aharonot, confirmed very early in this war “military pressure does not lead to the release of the hostages in Gaza, and the Israeli leadership knows this very well, but it is used as a pretext to continue the genocidal and destructive ground war.” Similarly, in an article by Joshua Frank published in the US Nation Magazine (January 16, 2024) he stated that “for Israel, brutality is the objective of its campaign against Gaza.” He asserted “Israel’s goal in bombing the Gaza Strip is to render it uninhabitable by the end of its relentless military campaign.”

So as not to confuse people about the true Zionist objectives behind this genocidal war, and to follow events with a strategic reading of the developments on the ground and the current and potential political agendas, he pointed to Israeli writer Yuval Abraham who documented the Israeli war plan objectives. He explained: According to sources who spoke to the joint research team, the targets in Gaza bombed by Israeli aircraft can be divided broadly into four categories:

The first category includes what are known as “tactical targets,” of standard military targets such as armed military cells, weapons depots, ground- and anti-tank missile launchers, launch pits, mortar positions, military headquarters, observation posts, and so on.

The second category refers to “underground targets,” primarily tunnels dug by Hamas under neighborhoods and under civilian homes. Air strikes on these targets can lead to the collapse of houses above or near the tunnels.

The third category of targets— most important and dangerous— are the “targets of force” including high-rise buildings and residential towers in city centers, and public buildings such as universities, banks, and government offices. The aim behind the deliberate bombing and destruction of such targets is to force the Palestinian community to emigrate.

The final category consists of “family homes.” The stated purpose of these attacks is to destroy private residences in order to assassinate a resident suspected of being an activist in Hamas or Islamic Jihad. However, Palestinian testimonies from the current war confirm that none of the families killed included any activists from these organizations.

The Israeli army, as demonstrated around-the-clock in Gaza and Lebanon, gives special attention to the third and fourth categories that are regarded as the true major strategic objectives and mean the complete annihilation of everything Palestinian on the land of the Gaza Strip.

Netanyahu’s strategy is to destroy Palestinian society in Gaza and force its population to leave

The defeat of 7 October, 2023, prompted Netanyahu to make the most important decision of his political career: To destroy and displace Palestinian society in Gaza as punishment for what happened in the settlements surrounding Gaza, just as the first Nakba is narrated in the Israeli narrative as punishment for the Palestinians for rejecting the partition plan and attacking Jewish society. Implementation is hesitant and statements are confusing, but actions are clear: “The government is rushing towards the annihilation of Gaza,” as Minister of Heritage Amichai Eliyahu states. This is the “complete victory” Netanyahu promised (Aluf Benn, Haaretz on 31 July, 2025).

Israelis: ‘We are all criminals and part of the genocidal family’

Israeli analyst Michael Sfard confirms the systematic nature of the destruction: “Israel is destroying Gaza now. Call it ethnic cleansing, call it annihilation, you can call it genocide, call it whatever you want. I have no doubt that whoever coined the term genocide, the Polish-Jewish jurist Raphael Lemkin, would have written with tears of shame that the Jewish state is committing genocide in Gaza. It is destroying the place and liquidating the human group that lives there. The physical destruction of Gaza’s space is systematic, house after house, public building after public building, infrastructure after infrastructure… A place that was home to more than a million people has been reduced to rubble. Educational institutions, clinics, shops, water, electricity, and sewage infrastructure, streets and sidewalks, all of it has turned to ash.”

Data calculated based on aerial photographs indicates 70 percent of the buildings in the Gaza Strip were either completely destroyed or damaged beyond repair. This was before Operation Gideon’s “Arava 2” and the fulfillment of the Defense Minister’s promise to the rabbis of “religious Zionism” that “Gaza will be like Beit Hanoun” (Michael Sfard, Haaretz, 29 August, 2025).

Researcher Dr. Walid Mustafa confirmed in his study, “The Mass Destruction of Palestinian Villages,” that “62.6% of all Palestinian villages that existed in Palestine were demolished by the Zionists. If we consider that some districts of Palestine did not fall entirely under enemy control in 1948, we find that the 468 villages destroyed before 1967 constituted 78.4% of the 598 Palestinian villages that fell under Zionist control that year.” The study’s documented tables also state “the number of Palestinian sites…” The number of villages that existed in Palestine according to the 1931 administrative divisions was 755, of which 472 were destroyed during 1948. At that time, they had 52,812 houses, and their population, according to the 1945 census, was 338,428.

In a report by the Israeli writer Zafrir Rinat, published in Haaretz and titled “Where Did the Arab Villages Disappear To?”, he stated: “Historians critical of the Zionist movement, in particular, such as Dr. Ilan Pappe, argue that the disappearance of Palestinian villages from their locations is part of a systematic and programmed policy to erase their existence in order to fabricate a new history that aligns with the Zionist narrative, which claims that the land was empty and was transformed into a green and prosperous land due to the activities of the Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael (KKL), also known as the Jewish National Fund and other similar organizations.” Pappe further states “the history of Palestine is being transferred to the era of the ancient Talmud.”

Another study in recent years by Naga Kedmon (as part of Peace and Development Studies commissioned by the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and directed by Professor Oren Yiftachel of Ben-Gurion University) found that “the Keren Kayemet forests, which include 86 Palestinian villages, are referred to as ‘Moroccan.’ While most sites have directional signs, only 15 percent mention the Arab village at the site, and the majority of texts in brochures, newspapers, and advertisements do not mention the names of the Palestinian villages at all, nor do they acknowledge their Arab identity.”

In this context, the Israeli newspaper Haaretz exclusively revealed a “premeditated campaign to demolish mosques.” Its correspondent, Meron Rapaport, noted “Israel demolished at least 120 mosques in the Palestinian villages it occupied in 1948, in addition to some Christian churches. It even demolished several synagogues…during this campaign.” He explained “this demolition, often carried out with dynamite, was intended to eliminate any Arab presence in the country and to preserve only what remained of Jewish heritage, erasing any Arab trace. It was as if the Israelis wanted to say this land belonged only to the Jews, and that there was no Arab presence in it.”

In his extensive report, which draws on a recently published book in London by Israeli archaeologist Raz Kletter, Rapaport adds he “was not surprised by what the Israelis did to the Palestinians at that time in terms of displacement and destruction, because if the Arabs had been victorious, they would not have done anything different.”

Rapaport quotes from Kletter’s book: “What happened was the radical destruction of cities and villages, the destruction of an entire civilization, with its present and its past, and of landmarks of life spanning 3,000 years, even the remaining synagogues in the demolished Arab neighborhoods, mosaics, and fortresses. Had it not been for some fanatics on this subject, like Yehoshua Heschel Yevin and others, they would have wiped everything off the face of the earth.” He emphasizes that “the demolition aimed to eliminate the remnants of the Arab presence that disturbed the Israeli leaders.”

Thus, the documents released from the Israeli army archives reveal “since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the Israeli army has worked to erase the traces of Arab villages and towns whose inhabitants were displaced and wiped off the map. It also carried out campaigns to blow up mosques and shrines on the orders of the then-commander of the Southern Front, Moshe Dayan, who, according to the Israeli historian, transformed Palestine into a devastated desert to obliterate the existing Arab civilization and establish Israel upon it.”

If we add to this to the myriad of Israeli, Palestinian, and British documents, it can be confirmed the policy of the comprehensive demolition of Palestinian cities and villages, and the policy of the mass expulsion of the Palestinian people, were considered fundamental pillars of the Zionist movement and the State of Israel.

This policy was considered one of the most closely guarded secrets in Israel, as Professor Israel Shahak confirms: “Before 1948, within the territory that became the State of Israel, this matter was one of the most closely guarded secrets in Israeli life. There is no publication, book, or pamphlet that discusses their number or locations. This is intentional, so that the accepted official myth of an empty land would be readily disseminated in Israeli schools and told to visitors and tourists.”

Therefore, we say that perhaps the Hebrew/Zionist documents and testimonies related to the Nakba and ethnic cleansing and the total destruction of Palestine at the hands of Zionist organizations and the Zionist state, which are being revealed gradually over widely-spaced periods, are among the most important documents that can condemn the generals of those organizations and the Zionist state for committing premeditated war crimes, and even bring them before the International Criminal Court, if the world is serious about that.

Perhaps the data of the current Palestinian scene, where the occupying state is committing a total holocaust against our people in Gaza, constitutes a blatant indictment against Zionist crimes that necessitates bringing the politicians and generals of the Israeli occupation state before the International Criminal Court without any hesitation if the world were serious…

This article by Nawaf Al Zaru was published on the Arabic Rai Al Youm website and reproduced on crossfirearabia.com. Mr Al Zaro lives in Amman, Jordan and is well-known for his extensive research on Palestinian affairs and the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. He has published many books and frequently contributes to Jordanian and Arab newspapers.

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Trump, Netanyahu Rift Hits Rock Bottom: View From Amman

By Saleem Ayoub Quna

The Epic Fury Operation launched by the US against Iran in February 2026, will go down in modern history as the first open military conflict, where a superpower like the United States, has willingly and openly played the role of a war-proxy, on behalf of its smaller ally, Israel.

The difference of attitude between the two close allies, US and Israel, in relation to what they perceived as Iran’s threat, imminent or potential, was a key factor behind the gradual crumbling of the American-Israeli coordinated military and intelligence efforts, to bring down the regime in Tehran.


Israel under Benjamin Netanyahu’s extreme right-wing government, kept saying Iran posed an imminent existential threat to Israel, and therefore it must be brought down by force. While the US position was constrained by its previous international commitments on the issue of Iran’s nuclear ambitions, as stipulated in the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), signed between Iran and the P5+1 powers, during the administration of President Obama.


Since that moment Netanyahu kept vigorously urging, more likely lecturing the US and the West, on the dangers of the JCOPA agreement. When Donald Trump was elected President in 2017, things took an important and completely different turn. In the following year, he took the United States out of that internationally-backed deal as he had promised to do during his election campaign. He also kept his promises of moving the US Embassy to Occupied Jerusalem and recognize the occupied Syrian Golan Heights as part of Israel.


These symbolic and important gestures, whetted Netanyahu’s appetite for more American concessions to Israeli demands.


Netanyahu’s golden opportunity came when Trump was re-elected to his second term in 2023, the same year when Hamas launched its massive assault on the Israeli settlements in the so-called “Gaza enevlope”. Other militias connected and supported by Iran, including the Houthis in north Yemen, Hezbollah in south Lebanon, Syria under the previous regime and Shia factions in Iraq coordinated their efforts to stand by Hamas during that long and unprecedented confrontation with Israel.

For its part, Iran did not shy from making it clear that it helped create this “chain” of resistance factions to encircle Israel from three directions.

The second turning magical point in the US position on the issue of direct military intervention against Iran came about when Israel succeeded in serving Hezbollah, the severest military blow ever, in the pagers’ operation and the subsequent assassination of Hezbollah’s top leaders, including its charismatic Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah on Sept 27, 2024.


Trump was very impressed with all of that Israeli action and Netanyahu gave himself the full credit for this unexpected success.


Accordingly, Netanyahu’s plan to Trump was simple. Based on the Israeli accumulated intelligence and expertise on the Iranian internal scene and emulating its operation against Hezbollah leaders in Lebanon, accompanied by massive American air strikes would provide both allies with the best chance to finish the Ayatollahs in Tehran once and for all!


But as events unfolded, all of Netanyahu’s plans, personally and strongly endorsed by Trump and his military aides, suddenly started crumbling, one after the other. His relations with Trump slipped into stages of deterioration by the day and week as the closure of the Hormuz Strait by Iran, started hurting the world economy led by the US.


Here new red lights went on and the phone calls between the two men became more intense and vulgar. Then Trump decided to pass on the torch to his deputy, JD Vance, who seemed comfortable to tell Netanyahu what Trump avoided to do!


Conclusion: It is tricky to switch roles of allies in wars. A smaller entity can always stay safe as long as its leaders know the limits of their power and leverage. When people like Netanyahu think they have more power and clout than they actually have, versus their stronger ally, then irritation starts to brew, especially in the case of Trump who likes to show he is always in the driving seat. It also means that the leadership on the side of stronger partner has some problems of its own!


Whether it is a wrangle, rift, collision, divorce or worse between Trump and Netanyahu, we will not know for certain, until the negotiators in Switzerland close their files and head back home!

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