Who is With Israel in World Sports?

The refusal of international and continental sports federations to suspend Israel’s membership, 22 months after its perpetration of genocide in the Gaza Strip, constitutes a blatant violation of the values and principles they claim to uphold. It reflects a selective, double-standard application of the rules governing the participation of states, clubs, and individuals in international and continental competitions, whether official or friendly.

The International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), the International Olympic Committee, and other international federations continue to refrain from acting against Israel, despite its killing of 664 Palestinian athletes since the start of the genocide in the Gaza Strip in October 2023 and its violations of regulations and standards on human rights, peace, and non-discrimination.

Since the start of its genocide, Israel has targeted all aspects of life in the Gaza Strip, including the sports sector. According to the Palestinian Football Association, the Israeli army has destroyed 264 sports facilities, 184 completely and 81 partially.

Sports activities in the Gaza Strip have been completely suspended since October 2023 due to the widespread and systematic targeting of sports infrastructure, which has been almost entirely destroyed.

Athletes have been killed or, like most of Gaza’s population, forced to devote their time and effort to finding shelter and food, amid ongoing Israeli military attacks, repeated displacement, and starvation and blockade policies that have left the entire population food insecure and claimed the lives of approximately 220 people to date.

In July alone, the Israeli army killed 40 athletes and scouts, the vast majority in the Gaza Strip, according to the Palestine Olympic Committee.

The global influence of football associations, particularly FIFA and UEFA, places a double responsibility on them to uphold human rights principles and exclude national associations whose member states are implicated in serious crimes. It is unjustifiable for the Israeli national team to continue participating in FIFA tournaments, or for Israeli clubs to compete in UEFA tournaments, while Israel kills nearly one Palestinian athlete every day.

The continued disregard by international and continental sports federations for their own regulations, and their failure to take disciplinary action against Israel, constitutes a breach of their ethical and institutional obligations and exposes them to accountability, particularly if Israel exploits its international sporting participation to whitewash human rights violations and promote its sporting activities as a cover for atrocities committed by its army against Palestinian civilians.

The normalisation by sports federations of the participation of representatives of a state committing genocide is not only a legal violation but also an unprecedented moral failure. Allowing Israeli athletes to perform before audiences of hundreds of millions misleads the public and enables Israel to use sporting events as a powerful tool to influence global opinion.

In many cases, Israeli athletes themselves are implicated in grave violations against Palestinian civilians, with consistent estimates indicating that about 30 members of the Israeli delegation to the 2024 Paris Olympics served in the Israeli military or publicly supported the genocide in the Gaza Strip.

Although there is no official data on Israeli athletes who served in the army, Israel’s policy of compulsory conscription makes it reasonable to believe that most people of active athletic age served as reserve soldiers and may have participated in crimes committed during the genocide in the Gaza Strip, particularly given the army’s extensive and long-standing reliance on reserve forces to destroy civilians and infrastructure in the enclave.

FIFA’s regulations provide clear grounds to punish Israel. Article 3 of the FIFA Statutes states that “FIFA is committed to respecting all internationally recognised human rights and shall strive to promote the protection of these rights.” Article 16 also empowers the FIFA Council, “without a vote of the Congress, [to] temporarily suspend with immediate effect a member association that seriously violates its obligations.”

Similarly, Article 11 of the UEFA Disciplinary Regulations states that “all entities and persons subject to these regulations must respect the Laws of the Game, as well as UEFA’s Statutes, regulations, directives and decisions, and comply with the principles of ethical conduct, loyalty, integrity and sportsmanship.” Article 14 provides that “any entity or person subject to these regulations who insults the human dignity of a person or group of persons on whatever grounds, including skin colour, race, religion, ethnic origin, gender or sexual orientation, incurs a suspension lasting at least ten matches or a specified period of time, or any other appropriate sanction.”

On this basis, Israel could be punished and its clubs banned from European competitions for violating the principles of non-discrimination and integrity, engaging in conduct that conflicts with UEFA values, particularly by including clubs from illegal Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory in its league, and for the racist and discriminatory behaviour of some Israeli players.

As for the International Olympic Committee, Principle 1 of the Fundamental Principles of Olympism in the Olympic Charter states that “Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy of effort, […] and respect for internationally recognised human rights.” Article 1 of the Fundamental Principles of the Olympic Code of Ethics also stipulates “respect for human dignity.” Accordingly, the Committee can punish Israel by suspending its membership for violating these and other principles.

It is unacceptable for the administrations of international and continental sports federations to submit to political pressure or favouritism, or to apply double standards in addressing human rights violations.

FIFA swiftly suspended Russia and its football clubs from official activities following its 2022 invasion of Ukraine, with UEFA following suit by banning Russian teams from European championships and prohibiting matches on Russian soil. The International Olympic Committee also acted, citing allegations of human rights violations, aggression against the sovereignty of an independent state, and the destruction of civilian infrastructure.

International and continental sports federations must take a decisive and immediate stance by suspending Israel’s membership in all sporting activities, banning events on its territory, ending its treatment as a state above the law, and imposing all disciplinary measures for the genocide it is committing in the Gaza Strip. They must also prevent Israel from using sport to whitewash gross human rights violations and normalise its illegal actions internationally.

The Israeli Football Association must be compelled to remove settlement clubs in the occupied Palestinian territory from its domestic competitions, in line with the rules of territorial jurisdiction and the non-recognition of illegal annexation.

Euro-Med Monitor calls on international and continental sports federations to form independent committees to document the destruction of sports infrastructure and the killing of Palestinian athletes, press Israel to rebuild the destroyed facilities, compensate affected athletes, and provide emergency support to Palestinian federations to ensure their continued operation through temporary headquarters, secure equipment and records, and rehabilitation programmes.

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Palestine Team Towers at The Paris Olympics

In the world of sports, the Olympics represent the pinnacle of achievement, bringing together the world’s best men and women in dozens of disciplines to push the limits of athletic prowess with each passing Games.

While Olympians from most countries prepare for years to put on their best performance at the largest sporting event, those from Palestine must face the double challenge of surviving periodic Israeli military incursions. Over the decades, these have cut short the athletic journeys of hundreds if not thousands of aspiring sportspeople in the occupied territories according to Anadolu.

Hassan Abu Zaitar, Shaker Safi, and Basem Al-Nabahin are just a few of those killed by relentless Israeli airstrikes and ground attacks that have devastated the Gaza Strip since Oct 7 last year.

With the Paris Games starting on July 26, Israel’s killing of athletes and players in Gaza, along with its destruction of the enclave’s sports facilities, has triggered mounting demands to disqualify Israel from the tournament as activists and spectators question the legitimacy of its participation.

Palestinian writers and sports commentators contend that Israel’s Gaza onslaught, which has killed nearly 40,000 Palestinians, also represents an attempt to eliminate sports and athletic achievement.

“It’s a genocide … ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian people, and the attacks on athletes and sports in particular in the Gaza Strip are all very systematic attacks to obliterate and erase sports in the territory,” Abubaker Abed, a Gaza-based sports journalist told Anadolu.

Israel’s intentions go further than eliminating Gaza’s current athletic capacity, according to writer and lecturer Abdaljawad Omar, who held that it was part of a concerted effort by Tel Aviv to undermine Palestinians’ achievements in all areas, with sports being no exception.

“Israel systemically seeks to ensure that Palestinian accomplishments and potential in all realms remain dampened and always dwarfed by its own achievements.

“This applies to political, intellectual, economic, and literary fields, where historically, many talented and highly accomplished Palestinians have been targeted. Sports is no exception in this sense,” he explained.  

Killing of athletes

The situation is “extremely worse” for athletes in Gaza, according to football journalist Abed, adding that many players have been killed in the territory.

According to the Palestinian Olympic Committee and Palestine Football Association, about 400 athletes have been killed since Oct. 7, with the football association noting that the war has claimed 245 players in that sport alone, including 69 children and 176 young men.

Some 33 scouts and 70 members of sports unions have also been killed.

According to the association, Israeli forces have also detained players, including 12 in the occupied West Bank.

Israel’s attacks have killed several Olympians as well. Sixty-nine have been killed during Israel’s ongoing assault, says the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel, launched in 2004.  

Destruction of sports facilities

Besides athletes, sports facilities also have not been spared. Dozens, including gyms, training halls, fields, and stadiums, have been damaged or destroyed since Oct. 7.

A total of 42 facilities have been leveled in Gaza, while seven were destroyed in the West Bank, says the Palestinian Football Association.

Abed pointed out how Israel has destroyed football schools, including the Al-Wahda Academy and the Champions Academy, which “was one of the most promising football projects” in Gaza.

He pointed out how Israel has eradicated talent in football, the most popular sport among Gaza’s residents, leaving only one stadium, the Al-Dorra stadium, intact out of the enclave’s 10.

Israeli forces have been seizing stadiums in Gaza and turning them into detention centers.

Human rights monitor Euro-Med highlights that the Israeli army turned the Yarmouk Stadium in Gaza City into a detention center “to hold and humiliate hundreds of Palestinians, including children, shown naked and stripped of their clothes in footage published by the Israeli media in December 2023.”

A report by the group published in May indicates that facilities bulldozed and destroyed include “300 five-a-side courts, 22 swimming courts, 12 covered sports halls for basketball, volleyball, and handball, and six tennis stadiums.

“Twenty-eight sports and fitness centers have been targeted, damaged, and destroyed.”  

Death of prominent athletes

Israel’s offensive has also caused the death of prominent players in Gaza, including champions of tournaments in ……

This includes Palestine’s first-ever Olympian and flagbearer, Majed Abu Maraheel, who died due to kidney failure in a refugee camp in June.

The 61-year-old Olympic distance runner died as Israel’s ongoing blockade of humanitarian assistance left many, including Maraheel, lacking medical treatment and facilities.

Maraheel had competed in the men’s 10,000-meter race at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games.

In January, the Palestinian Olympic football team’s coach Hani Al-Mossader was killed in an Israeli airstrike.

The same month, Nagham Abu Samra, a karate champion who was set to participate in the Paris Olympics, died in a hospital in Egypt after succumbing to her injuries.

She had been severely wounded by an Israeli attack that left her with head injuries and led to the amputation of one of her legs.

Prominent football players have also been killed in Israeli attacks.

In March, Mohammed Barakat, nicknamed the “legend of Khan Younis,” died in a raid targeting him in the southern Gaza Strip city.

The 39-year-old forward, who scored 114 goals, had played for several football clubs including the Khan Younis Youth Club, which he captained. He also played in the occupied West Bank and Jordan, including Al-Wahdat, as well as Al-Shoalah, a Saudi club.

Hazem Al-Ghalban was also killed by Israeli an bombing in Khan Younis. According to Abed, the 26-year-old defender scored seven goals in his career and “put on stellar displays with his team before Oct 7th, placed 3rd in the league.”

Shadi Abu-Alarraj, a renowned goalkeeper for the Khan Younis Youth Club, was killed last week.

“The death toll among athletes continues, unfortunately,” says Abed.  

‘Apartheid’ Olympics

With hours left until the Paris 2024 Games’ opening ceremony, experts are still questioning the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) decision to keep Israel in the tournament.

“Athletes, whether footballers … whatever the sport is, they don’t belong to political factions … they are targeted and are illegitimate targets for Israeli forces, and this is absolutely prohibited by all international laws and all FIFA regulations,” says Abed.

He argued that Israel’s actions show that it lacks the Olympic values of peace, tolerance, forgiveness, love, and sportsmanship.

“So, how could Israel even participate in the Olympics?” he asked.

Russia, meanwhile, has been banned from Olympic and FIFA tournaments after it launched its war on Ukraine in 2022, noted Abed, who maintained that Moscow’s actions in that conflict were mild compared to the devastation Israel has caused in Gaza.

This “disgraceful stance,” he asserts, revealed the hypocrisy of the IOC, as well as the world governing body for football.

The organizers of this year’s Olympics have said their decision to keep Israel in the Games while upholding the ban on Russia and Belarus is due to Moscow’s annexation of Ukrainian territory, while Tel Aviv has not formally seized territory in Gaza.

Fadi Quran, senior director at US-based rights group Avaaz, said the Olympics and the IOC’s current leadership will be remembered for “turning a blind eye to a country committing what the ICJ ruled is a plausible genocide, and said is apartheid.”

He was referring to a preliminary ruling by the International Court of Justice that recognized genocide as a plausible risk in Gaza. Israel stands accused of genocide at the top UN court, which in its latest ruling has ordered Tel Aviv to immediately halt its operation in the southern city of Rafah, where over a million Palestinians had sought refuge from the war before it was invaded on May 6.

Quran expects that athletes will protest Israel’s presence at the Olympics and fans will boycott events where the Israeli flag is raised.

“Now that the IOC has refused to ban Israel, activists across the world will take action to ensure that the Paris Olympics are branded as the ‘Apartheid Olympics,’ or ‘War Crime Olympics’,” he said.

According to Abed, it will take a decade to revive sports in the Gaza Strip.

“The war on Gaza has changed everything. The war on Gaza has killed the dreams of many.”

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