Profile: Meet ‘Prince of Shadows’ Abdullah Barghouti

Nicknamed “the Prince of Shadows” Abdullah Barghouti is the Palestinian political prisoner with the most number of life sentences ever given to a single detainee.

A former leader of the Hamas’ al-Qassam brigade’s armed wing, in the West Bank, he now appears to be on the verge of release in the Hamas-Israel prisoner exchange. 

Born in Kuwait in 1972, Abdullah Barghouti grew up outside of occupied Palestine, despite his family having originated from the village of Beit Rima, located near Ramallah. Barghouti attended school, up until high school in Kuwait.

Upon the eruption of the first Intifada in the occupied Palestinian territories, in 1987, Barghouti recounted in his memoir that the uprising had inspired him to seek revenge against the occupiers, especially after Israeli forces murdered one of his cousins and youngest uncle. “Simply put, they threw stones at the Zionist occupation forces that were wreaking havoc, so they were shot and martyred” he stated.

During the first Gulf War (1990-1991), Abdullah Barghouti was reportedly arrested for around a month after being accused of participating in the fight against US forces, later being released after the war. Prior to this, Barghouti had decided to pursue the combat sport of Judo and was trained by a man named Munir Samik who was also Palestinian.

Samik once asked Barghouti: “Aren’t you Palestinian? Don’t you want to liberate your country? If you use it against all those who occupied your homeland, there in Palestine, use what you learned here.” Inspired to make himself physically strong and capable of fighting Israel, he then began training in the use of firearms and explosives in the Kuwaiti desert. During the war, Barghouti’s family was forced to flee to Jordan.

When he traveled to live in Amman, Jordan, he would finish high school there but due to his family being too poor to afford University, so he would borrow money from a relative in order to open up a mechanic shop, continuing to practice Judo as a hobby. However, he wasn’t able to earn enough money to keep his business afloat and pay back his relatives and decided to move abroad in order to pursue higher education instead. 

A friend of Barghouti had recommended he apply for a visa program to travel to South Korea, which ended up leading him there in pursuit of an education. When he arrived, he had no money and little but the clothes on his back.

Barghouti walked from the airport to a location that was supposed to help him secure an education; his journey would take three days during which he went without eating. He recalled that he drank water from public parks until reaching the address he had been given, finding out that it was a wood-cutting factory. 

So, without any money or prospects, he ended up working at the factory for 45 days without having money to buy food, eating only from what the factory would supply him.

In 1991, after a few months in the wood-cutting factory, he moved to work in a mechanical factory and studied in parallel with his work at an engineering institute, specializing in electromechanics. This was also the time during which he would meet his wife, who was of Korean origin.

However, his passion for seeking the liberation of Palestine through armed struggle would not perish while he lived in South Korea, as he would routinely go deep into the forest and practice making improvised explosive devices and refining his craft. In 1998 he would then return to Amman with his wife, before deciding to divorce her due to his desire to have children.

Around this time he started becoming more religious, moved to Jerusalem and then the West Bank, married a Palestinian wife, and settled down in his family’s village of Beit Rima. He later had two daughters, Safaa and Tala, and a son called Osama.

It just so happened that in 2001, Beit Rima would be the first area in the West Bank that would experience a full-scale military invasion during the Second Intifada. Israeli forces deployed tanks, attack helicopters, and a huge military force to the village.

Abdullah Barghouti joined the Qassam Brigades in 2001, seeking out his cousin Bilal Barghouti in order to share his expertise in bomb-making.

After his cousin, who is currently serving 16 life sentences in Israeli military prison, witnessed how skilled he was at engineering explosives, he told his superiors in the Hamas military wing and Abdullah Barghouti would begin military training in the Nablus area, going on to become a commander of the Qassam Brigades in the West Bank.

This entire time, almost nobody close to him knew of his secret ambition to seek revenge against Israel and his bomb-making skills. He would later go on to participate in the manufacturing of explosives that killed 66 Israelis and injured over 500.

When he was eventually tracked down in 2003 and arrested by the Israeli occupation forces, he was interrogated and tortured for over five months, before being handed 67 life sentences, amounting to 5,200 years in prison. In later interviews recorded with Barghouti from inside an Israeli prison, he would confidently state that one day interviewers would come to meet him while he sits inside a hot tub in Ramallah.

If he is to be released during the upcoming Hamas-Israel prisoner exchange, it is likely that Israel will request his deportation outside of occupied Palestine. It is speculated that Barghouti could be useful to Hamas in developing its influence in the armed struggle inside the West Bank, which is currently dominated by Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) and Fatah-aligned fighters.

(The Palestine Chronicle)

– Robert Inlakesh is a journalist, writer, and documentary filmmaker. He focuses on the Middle East, specializing in Palestine. He contributed this article to The Palestine Chronicle.

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After 39 Years Israel Frees ‘Dean of Palestinian Prisoners’

After 39 years of mistreatment and retaliation in Israeli jails, Mohammed Al-Tous, the longest-serving Palestinian prisoner, was released on Saturday as part of the second batch under phase one of the Jan. 19 ceasefire agreement and prisoner exchange deal.

Al-Tous, nicknamed the “dean of Palestinian Prisoners,” hails from the village of Jab’a in Bethlehem, in the southern occupied West Bank. He has spent 39 years in Israeli prisons since his arrest in 1985.

Who is the dean of Palestinian Prisoners?

Mohammed Ahmed Abdul-Hamid Al-Tous, 69, is the longest-serving Palestinian prisoner in Israeli detention. He was arrested in October 1985 and sentenced to life in prison for leading a group in carrying out military operations against Israeli military targets. He sustained severe injuries during his arrest.

Over the years, Al-Tous endured various forms of mistreatment and retaliation. In addition to the serious injuries he suffered during his arrest from Israeli gunfire and enduring lengthy and harsh interrogations, the Israeli forces demolished his family home three times.

Israel repeatedly refused to release Al-Tous in all prisoner exchange deals and release initiatives during his incarceration, including a group of veteran prisoners in 2014, in which he was listed, but Israel refused to release.

A year later, his wife’s health deteriorated, and she fell into a coma for a full year before passing away in 2015, without Al-Tous being able to bid her farewell.

Al-Tous is among the veteran prisoners detained before the signing of the 1993 Oslo Accords, a group that now numbers 21 prisoners following last year’s death of Walid Daqqa.

This group is joined by 11 re-arrested prisoners from the Gilad Shalit exchange deal of 2011, who had been imprisoned before the Oslo Accords, released in 2011, and then re-arrested in 2014, most notably Nael Barghouthi.

Prisoner exchange

Palestinian resistance group Hamas earlier Saturday handed over four female Israeli soldiers under a Gaza ceasefire and prisoner exchange agreement with Israel.

Some 200 Palestinian prisoners were also released on Saturday in exchange for the four freed Israeli soldiers.

Television footage showed the arrival of 114 prisoners to the West Bank city of Ramallah from the Ofer Military Prison aboard three International Red Cross buses.

Sixteen prisoners, accompanied by Red Cross representatives, also arrived at the European Hospital in Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip, to the warm welcome of thousands.

Egypt’s state-affiliated Al-Qahera News channel also reported that two buses carrying 70 freed Palestinian prisoners arrived in Egypt under the Gaza ceasefire agreement.

The Prisoners’ Media Office said early Saturday that the freed prisoners include 121 who had been serving life sentences and 79 with lengthy sentences.

It added that 70 of those serving life sentences will be sent outside the Palestinian territories.

Under phase one of the Gaza ceasefire, Israel is now set to withdraw from the Netzarim Corridor area that separates northern Gaza from its south, allowing displaced Palestinians to return to northern Gaza.

Ceasefire seeking permanent truce

The first six-week phase of the Gaza ceasefire agreement took effect on Jan. 19, suspending Israel’s genocidal war that has killed over 47,000 Palestinians, most of them women and children, and injured more than 111,000 since Oct. 7, 2023.

On day one of the ceasefire, Israel released 90 Palestinian detainees in return for three Israeli captives set free by Hamas.

The three-phase ceasefire agreement includes a prisoner exchange and sustained calm, aiming for a permanent truce and the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza according to Anadolu.

The Israeli onslaught has left more than 11,000 people missing, with widespread destruction and a humanitarian crisis that has claimed the lives of untold numbers of elderly people, women, and children.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants last November for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Gaza.

​​​​​​​Israel also faces a genocide case at the International Court of Justice for its war on the enclave.

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EuroMed Urges ‘Outside’ Forensic Experts to Identify Mass Body Victims

The international community must put genuine pressure on Israel to promptly guarantee the unconditional entry of technical teams, forensic specialists, and criminal investigators into the Gaza Strip, along with the required tools. This will help Palestinians in the Strip recover the bodies of victims from beneath debris and in areas where Israeli forces invaded, identify the victims, and provide information about the whereabouts of those who have not been found.

These actions are essential, not only to safeguard families’ rights to know the fate of their loved ones and to bury those who have been killed with dignity and respect, but to ensure accountability for the perpetrators of the genocide that Israel has committed in the Gaza Strip for the past 15 months.

Decomposed

Through urgent field visits during the first few days of the ceasefire, Euro-Med Monitor field teams have documented vast numbers of Palestinian bodies killed by Israeli shelling over the past few months, many of which have almost completely decomposed.

The bodies of 79 people, including 21 unidentified individuals, were recovered in the Rafah neighborhoods by ambulance and civil defense crews following the withdrawal of Israeli army forces.

The Euro-Med Monitor field team was able to inspect areas of incursion in both Rafah and the northern Gaza Strip, and found the severely decomposed remains of multiple additional victims, of whose skulls and a few bones were all that was left.

In order to help local rescue teams recover victims from beneath the massive and intricate debris, it is imperative that specialised equipment and technical crews be brought in. It should be noted that the current rescue teams are using antiquated and inadequate tools, which makes it more difficult for them to carry out their mission effectively, and adds to the suffering of families who are waiting to find out what happened to their loved ones.

The situation could worsen, and the number of victims could rise, if this equipment is not provided right away.

Forensic specialists 

Expert teams of criminal investigators and forensic medicine specialists are urgently needed to identify victims, particularly hard-to-identify decomposed bodies. According to preliminary estimates, over 11,000 people are missing, including many individuals who are presumed by their families to have been killed in areas of Israeli military incursion and/or who remain trapped under the rubble following bombings, as well as others who were forcibly disappeared in Israeli occupation prisons. This doubles the suffering of families and highlights the urgent need for international assistance to save remaining survivors and find out what happened to the missing.

Given the potential for heightened suffering if swift action is not taken, this crisis necessitates immediate international intervention. Many of the decomposing bodies found likely belong to individuals who were forcibly disappeared by the Israeli military months ago, underscoring the urgent need for legal proceedings pertaining to the investigation of the missing people’s fate, particularly those who vanished due to the extensive military operations or were detained by the Israeli occupation forces.

Israeli crimes

In addition to strengthening international accountability efforts against the Israeli crimes committed in the Gaza Strip, the presence of specialized forensic teams will help to ensure the preservation of crucial evidence needed to hold those responsible for these violations accountable. To prevent the loss of such evidence or deception in investigations, it is necessary to provide a way to document the condition of victims’ bodies in accordance with human rights standards.

The large number of victims and the fact that Israeli army forces remain heavily deployed in the eastern and northern outskirts of the Gaza Strip, as well as in the Netzarim axis area, south of Gaza City, make it difficult for rescue teams to do their jobs well. To thoroughly investigate the grave crimes Israel has committed against Palestinians in the Strip, it is crucial to make it easier for rescue teams to reach the aforementioned areas, recover victims, and determine the causes of death and potential means of killing.

Given that video footage has shown Israeli bulldozers burying Palestinians after they have been killed—as was the case in the Wadi Gaza Bridge area, south of Gaza City—pressure must be placed on Israel to disclose the locations or potential locations of any mass graves or burial sites of the Palestinian dead, so that the bodies can be exhumed and identified.

Mass graves

Any suspected mass grave sites must be thoroughly investigated, and the appropriate precautions must be taken to safeguard them and prevent tampering. International experts should oversee the exhumation of bodies and victim identification process in compliance with internationally recognised protocols, making sure that victim dignity and family rights are upheld throughout these operations. Additionally, these offences need to be recorded as proof in order to aid in the prosecution of the perpetrators. 

It is crucial to speed up the recovery of the deceased people’s bodies in order to begin separating the victims who are confirmed dead or alive from those still missing and to enable families to bury their loved ones’ remains in a dignified manner and in accordance with their religious beliefs, as well as to determine the number of people who may have been forcibly disappeared in Israeli prisons or camps and pressure Israel to disclose their fate. 

In the case of detainment, it is also important to ensure that families’ contact with their living loved ones is restored and that they are reunited as soon as possible, to relieve the significant psychological and social strain that people and their families endure due to these extended separations. Euro-Med Monitor emphasizes that family reunification is not just a humanitarian issue, but a fundamental legal right that must be upheld without delay.

To achieve justice and accountability, accurately recording each step of this process is crucial. This will guarantee that the required evidence will be available for use in future court cases or legal investigations.

The international community must also act quickly and decisively to guarantee justice and accountability for the crime of genocide in the Gaza Strip. Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor stresses that this includes establishing and sending specialised teams and investigation committees to the Strip to address these crimes.

Teams from the International Criminal Court, specifically, should be sent to the Gaza Strip immediately in order to ensure independent and thorough investigations; gather and preserve evidence; hear directly from victims and witnesses; establish a permanent office in the Strip to carry out their duties as effectively as possible, expedite their processes, and broaden the scope of their investigations to include the crime of genocide; plus issue arrest warrants for all those involved in these crimes, in order to ensure accountability and bring them to justice. 

EuroMed Human Rights Monitor

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Israel-Jailed Khalida Jarrar is Out But at What Cost?

Freed Palestinian leader, politician, and activist Khalida Jarrar said Israeli authorities do not treat Palestinian prisoners as human beings, describing the conditions in jails as “the worst and most difficult since the occupation of the West Bank in 1967.”

In the early hours of Monday, Israel released 90 Palestinian prisoners under a ceasefire and prisoner swap agreement that suspended its genocidal war on the Gaza Strip, which has claimed more than 47,000 lives since Oct. 7, 2023, and left the enclave in ruins.

Jarrar, who was held in administrative detention in December 2023, was among those set free. It came after three female Israeli hostages held by the Palestinian group Hamas in Gaza were released. Administrative detention is a policy that allows Israeli authorities to hold individuals without charge or trial.

Speaking to Anadolu, the leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, who has been arrested multiple times, said Israeli prison conditions “have never been as harsh as they are now, be it the repeated assaults or constant use of tear gas.”

Describing the state of prisons in Israel, Jarrar said the Palestinians endure “poor quality and insufficient quantity of food, as well as the solitary confinement policy practiced by the occupation authorities.”

“I spent six months in solitary confinement,” she said, adding that “many Palestinians are held in solitary cells in very harsh conditions.”

The senior politician said what is happening in Israeli prisons is a result of policies by the current Israeli government and Itamar Ben-Gvir, the far-right national security minister who resigned after the Gaza truce, trying “to deal with the prisoners as if they are not humans.”

As Jarrar, 61, was led through a cheering crowd, it could be seen her once-dark hair had grayed, and she looked exhausted.

“We were subjected to extreme harshness and physical assault in a deliberate and intentional attempt to humiliate and demean us,” she said.

The lawmaker stressed that the prisoners’ cause is “an integral part of our people’s causes,” and all Israeli policies against the prisoners must be confronted nationally.

Jarrar was elected as a member of the Palestinian Legislative Council in the last parliamentary elections held in 2006. She has served as the head of the assembly’s prisoners commission and was also appointed to the Palestinian committee for follow-up with the International Criminal Court.

Jarrar was arrested by the Israeli army several times on accusations of affiliation to an “outlawed” party and for her role in activities supporting Palestinian detainees in Israeli jails.

According to prisoners’ affairs groups, she was repeatedly mistreated by prison guards, affecting her well-being.

Estimates put the number of Palestinian detainees at Israeli prisons at over 11,000.

Hamas released the three Israeli captives under the ceasefire deal, which took effect on Sunday.

The three-phase deal includes a prisoner exchange and sustained calm, aiming for a permanent truce and the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza.

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The Fishermen And Prize Dolphin in The Gaza Sea

Before the war Gaza fisherman used to return dolphins caught in their net back to the sea but this is now changing.

A Palestinian fisherman caught a dolphin in the Qarara Sea, south of the Gaza Strip, Saturday. Everyone, locally and international as well as those on the social media are talking about this incident especially because of the starvation imposed on the enclave by Israel through its tight blockade.

In a bid to try to deflect their hunger, Gaza fisherman are trying to scrape the narrow parts of the Gaza waters on the Mediterranean. A picture of the Palestinian fisherman, holding the dolphin, which is more than two meters long, have spread on social media.

Dozens of Palestinians gathered around the fisherman to watch the dolphin and take pictures next to it as if its a treasure trove and delight for the hungry.

This incident comes in the context of highlighting the rich environmental diversity in the Gaza Sea, as fishermen documented repeated scenes of dolphins swimming near their boats according to a report in Anadolu.

Before the Israeli war of extermination, fishermen in Gaza used to return dolphins caught in their nets to the sea, but the famine conditions and the Israeli siege imposed on the Strip prompted them this time to take out the dolphin and eat it.

The sector is suffering, in conjunction with Israeli onslaught, from starvation operations created by Israel which tightened the closure of the border crossings on more than two million Palestinians.

The World Food Program states that “hunger is widespread in Gaza” and the organization has only been able to secure a third of the food it needs to support the Palestinians in the Strip, due to the genocide that Israel is committing against the Palestinians now in its 15 months.

Famine has worsened in most areas of the Gaza Strip due to the Israeli blockade, especially in the northern governorate, following the escalation of genocide and starvation to force citizens to flee south.

With American support, Israel has been committing genocide in Gaza since 7 October, 2023, leaving more than 156,000 Palestinians dead and wounded, most of them children and women, and more than 11,000 missing, amid massive destruction and famine that killed dozens of children and elderly people, in one of the worst humanitarian disasters in the world.

Israel continues its massacres, ignoring two arrest warrants issued by the International Criminal Court on 21 November, 2024 against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defense Minister Yoav Galant, for committing war crimes and crimes against humanity against the Palestinians in Gaza according to the Anadolu news agency.

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Probing Israel’s Sexual Violence is a Long Road to Hell!

Israel’s consistent obstructions of all United Nations investigations into allegations of sexual violence since 7 October 2023 is profoundly concerning. These obstructions, coupled with substantial evidence indicating systematic and widespread acts of rape and other forms of sexual violence by Israeli forces against Palestinians, including prisoners and detainees, constitute grave violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. The grounds for the inclusion of Israel on the UN’s blacklist of entities suspected of perpetrating sexual violence in conflicts are compelling.

For the past 15 months, Israel has consistently refused to cooperate with all United Nations bodies with an investigative mandate to examine allegations of rape and other forms of sexual violence arising from the attacks of 7 October.

It was disclosed last Wednesday that Israel has once again denied authorisation for an investigation by the UN Special Representative on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, Pramila Patten. This refusal reportedly stems from concerns that a comprehensive investigation would expose Israel’s systematic use of mass rape against Palestinians, including women and children, as Patten had insisted that access to Israeli detention centres to investigate allegations against Israeli soldiers was a crucial requirement for the process.

Israel’s refusal is particularly striking given that Israeli civil society, until recently, held a generally favourable view of Patten, and even called on her to revisit Israel.

Patten’s earlier report, published on 11 March 2024, marks the only instance in which the Israeli government has provided information to a UN inquiry into allegations of sexual violence. However, as clearly stated in the report, the mission’s mandate at that time was not investigative. The report recommended that the Israeli government cooperate with the Independent International Commission of Inquiry (CoI) on the Occupied Palestinian Territory (oPt), including East Jerusalem and Israel, as well as the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), to facilitate comprehensive investigations into all alleged violations, especially after Israel denied these entities access and cooperation, as highlighted in the report.

The Israeli obstruction of truth in this context was first evidenced in January 2024, when the Israeli government expressly prohibited Israeli doctors and relevant authorities from cooperating with the UN Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, labeling the commission as “anti-Israeli and antisemitic”. Since then, the Israeli government has persistently maintained this obstructive stance, undermining the Commission’s efforts to conduct a thorough and impartial investigation, which constitutes a failure by Israel to comply with its obligation under international law to cooperate with UN bodies. Israeli is also denying victims on both sides their right to justice and accountability for the alleged violations.

“Israel’s repeated refusal to cooperate with all UN investigations into sexual violence highlights the Israeli government’s exploitation of the allegations of this grave crime as a propaganda tool to manufacture consent for its full-fledged, live-streamed genocide,” said Ramy Abdu, Chairman of Euro-Med Monitor. “Israel merely uses these allegations to shame and smear critics and deflect blame from its formidable crimes against humanity.”

Over the past 15 months, the Euro-Med Monitor team has documented numerous instances of Israeli-perpetrated sexual violence, including rape and other forms of sexualised torture, against Palestinian civilians, including individuals abducted to Israel’s Sde Teiman torture camp.

In at least one instance, a Palestinian detainee was subjected to rape by Israeli police dogs as part of their assault. In Sde Teiman, “the soldiers took off the blindfolds covering our eyes for the first time,” lawyer Fadi Saif al-Din Bakr, released on 22 February 2024 after 45 days of detention, told the Euro-Med Monitor team. “The soldiers later pulled a young man sitting to my right, forced him to sleep on the ground, and tied his hands and feet. Suddenly, the occupation soldiers let loose trained police dogs on the young man, who was subjected to rape by the dogs. Throughout the entire ordeal I endured, this was among the most awful things that I witnessed.”

Added al-Din Bakr: “Everything was a lot [to go through], and this was just one more [incident] added to the heap of torments. I was hoping to die so that this would not happen to me, but one of the soldiers told me to get ready. [Yet] something miraculous happened in the prison; the torture session quickly ended, and we were brought back to the barn.”

In some cases, Palestinians have been raped to death by Israeli army personnel. These documented incidents provide strong evidence of the systematic and widespread nature of such atrocities, revealing that Israel has weaponised sexual violence as a deliberate tactic to destroy the Palestinian population’s morale.

Among the at least 36 detainee deaths under investigation at Israel’s notorious Sde Teiman detention facility, one Palestinian man is reported to have died following a horrific act of rape with an electric baton. This brutal act, along with many others, is unlikely to be investigated or prosecuted within Israel, and will be prevented from international scrutiny as Israel continues to block investigations into such crimes.

Numerous reports from international, UN, and Israeli human rights organisations, including the UN Human Rights OfficeAmnesty International, and B’Tselem, have documented Israel’s systematic and widespread use of torture and sexual violence against Palestinians.

In addition, the June 2024 report by the UN CoI on the oPt, including East Jerusalem and Israel reached similar conclusions. It documented a “significant increase in the range, frequency, and severity of sexual and gender-based violence perpetrated by Israeli Security Forces (ISF) against Palestinians” since 7 October 2023. The report further stated that this increase was “linked to an intent to punish and humiliate Palestinians”.

Recently, the Euro-Med Monitor team documented horrific testimonies at Kamal Adwan Hospital regarding the sexual assault of civilians, including female medical staff and children. The victims were forced to remove their clothes and headscarves and subjected to humiliating body searches by male Israeli army personnel. One woman, forcibly evacuated from the hospital, recounted to the Euro-Med Monitor team: “A soldier forced a nurse to remove her trousers and then placed his hand on her genitals. When she tried to resist, he struck her hard across the face, causing her nose to bleed.”

The Israeli crimes involving the killing of Palestinians and the infliction of severe physical and psychological harm through torture, mistreatment, and sexual violence, including rape, are being carried out with extreme brutality and in a systematic nature that is clearly indicative of a specific intent to destroy the Palestinian people. These acts constitute components of the crime of genocide, as outlined in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.

Euro-Med Monitor calls on the United Nations to include Israel on its blacklist of entities involved in sexual violence in conflicts. This call comes in light of substantial evidence documenting Israel’s systematic use of sexual violence, including rape and other forms of sexual abuse, as part of its broader campaign of annihilation against the Palestinian people.

 Euro-Med Monitor emphasises the urgent need for international accountability and a comprehensive investigation into these atrocities to ensure justice for the victims and prevent further impunity. The Monitor affirmed that, over the course of several decades, Israel has consistently demonstrated both a lack of willingness and a lack of capacity to hold accountable or prosecute those implicated in crimes committed against Palestinians, with such individuals afforded judicial, political, military, and even popular protection.

The international community must take urgent and decisive action to address and halt Israel’s grave crimes against Palestinian prisoners and detainees. This includes the immediate and unconditional release of individuals being arbitrarily detained, the cessation of enforced disappearances that facilitate further atrocities, and the granting of access for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and other competent local and international organisations to all Israeli detention facilities. Additionally, victims must be granted the right to legal representation.

Euro-Med Monitor further demands that these crimes be investigated promptly, impartially, thoroughly, and independently, in order for all perpetrators to be held accountable, and that all victims and their families be fully granted their right to truth, to effective remedies, and to comprehensive reparations, ensuring justice and dignity for those affected by these heinous crimes.

It is imperative that the international community support the International Criminal Court (ICC) in conducting a comprehensive investigation into these crimes, as well as ensuring their incorporation into the charges brought against Israeli officials before the Court, and ensure the accountability and prosecution of all those responsible for it.

Euromed Human Rights Monitor

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Killing Life: Targeting Doctors, Hospitals in Gaza

After more than 14 months of the war of extermination on Gaza, the Israeli army continues to target Palestinian medical teams through killing, arrests, torture and disappearances.

The latest is the martyrdom of 31-year-old Thabat Ibrahim Muhammad Salim, a volunteer doctor at Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital in Deir al-Balah in central Gaza, on 5 January, 2025.

Since the onset of the extermination war the Israeli army has been continuously targeting hospitals and purposely breaking down the health care system.

The Israeli attacks are not limited to health facilities, but include medical staff of doctors, nurses, medical technicians  and routinely subjecting them to arrest, imprisonment and torture. Dr. Hussam Abu Safiya, director of the Kamal Adwan Hospital, who was forcibly taken away since 27 December, 2024, is the best witness of this after he refused to heed to Israeli calls for the forced evacuation of the hospital.

The attacks on Gaza are constant. Last  Sunday evening, the Israeli warplanes attacked the Abu Jarbou family home in Block 1 in the Nuseirat camp in central Gaza resulting in the martyrdom of four women, including Dr. Thabat Salim. She was greatly mourned.

Dr. Muhammad Halas shared a picture of Dr. Thabat working in the neonatal department, and accompanied it with a comment about the dedication of the late doctor: “Dr. Gaza Thabat Salim, worked without a salary and tirelessly, suffered from hunger, fear, cold and hope. Thebat is a real doctor to the point of martyrdom.”

Director-General of the Health Ministry Dr. Munir Al-Barash said on the X platform: “Dr. Thabat Salim, born in 1994, is a distinguished nursery doctor who mastered the skills and procedures of premature babies amidst the harsh conditions of war. She worked faithfully for nearly a year, before she was martyred a short while ago as a result of the Israeli occupation army’s bombing of a house in the Nuseirat camp.”

Journalist Wael Abu Omar wrote: “Thabat Salim, a doctor and Quran memorizer, studied medicine abroad and is fluent in three languages: Russian, Ukrainian and English. Fate took her to her friend’s house after finishing her work at Al-Awda Hospital, and while she was eating lunch, the house was targeted by the Israeli warplanes. She was identified by her hand only.”

The series of focused attacks on the health sector and its cadres in this war is clear that the aim by the Israelis is to dismantle and destroy this sector entirely as a central part of its military strategy to kill life in the present and future of the Gaza Strip.

Palestinian-British doctor Ghassan Abu Sitta is leading a project through the Institute for Palestine Studies to document the targeting and destruction of the health sector in Gaza. He explains the targeting of the health sector is a main pillar of Israel’s failed plan to permanently displace the residents of the Gaza Strip, starting from the north and moving on to the rest of the regions. The occupation’s targeting of all vital sectors, and not limiting it to the destruction of the health and medical facilities, shows that the occupation aims to create a war environment to destroy life as a whole and not just the health sector.

Claiming militarization of hospitals

Since the first days of the extermination war, the Israeli occupation authorities sought to erase the Palestinian population of Gaza by making the Strip unfit for life, and what better way than to target and annihlate  the health sector.

On 9 October, 2023, on the third day of the war, the Israeli occupation bombed the Beit Hanoun Hospital in northern Gaza, causing extensive damage. This was the beginning of a series of direct targeting of health sector facilities.

Five days after the bombing of the Hospital, the occupation army bombed the Oncology Diagnostic Center at the Al-Ahli Baptist Hospital in Gaza City. Through phone calls to the directors of 22 hospitals in the northern Gaza Strip, the occupation gave “orders” to evacuate them. Everyone, including the working crews there, refused to comply with the evacuation order, and insisted on keeping the health sector operating in light of the war as a professional, moral, and national necessity.

Experts say what is happening in the Gaza Strip, from targeting medical personnel and systematic destruction of the health sector, is not a historical precedent, but has been happening for years within the context of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, “but the precedent is actually in the form and extent of the destruction.”

The common factor between every storming of a Palestinian camp, village or town is blocking the road to ambulances and paramedics, preventing them from reaching the wounded, and blocking the roads between the storming area and health centers, which leads to an increase in the death toll.

Looking at the process of targeting some hospitals clearly reveals the systematic intention to destroy the health sector in total. The occupation army follows a similar methodology in every hospital: first, they throw allegations these hospitals serve as pockets for Palestinian resistance, orders for the hospital administration to evacuate, then bomb the hospital’s surroundings, then direct bombing, imposing a tight siege, then storming these facilities, destroying the whatever is left of the infrastruction, then grab and frequently kill the people inside.

In some cases, the occupation shortens the siege phase and moves directly to destroying, as it did in Beit Hanoun, Algerian Specialized, and International Eye Hospitals, and even went further to directly liquidating doctors, kidnapping them, and forcible disappearance.

1000 Medical Staff

According to Ministry of Health data published last September, Palestine lost about 1000 health workers, including specialist doctors, surgical and anesthesia technicians, nurses, physical therapy, paramedics, radiology and medical analysis technicians and expert administrators in the field of health sector management. The data also shows the occupation forces arrested and forcibly kidnapped more than 300 people.

Exhausted after a long day of injuries

The killing of Dr. Thabat Salim came within the framework of a series of continuous attacks since the beginning of the war of extermination. In April 2024, Dr. Adnan Al-Barsh, one of the most prominent surgeons in Gaza and head of the orthopedics department at Al-Shifa Hospital, was arrested by Israeli forces. He was transferred to Ofer Prison where he was subjected to severe torture that led to his martyrdom.

Dr. Mohammed Abu Salmiya, director of Al-Shifa Hospital and one of the most prominent doctors in Gaza, was arrested by Israeli forces on November 23, 2023, during the war on Gaza. Abu Salmiya spent more than seven months in Israeli prisons, where he was subjected to harsh conditions. After his release in July 2024, he spoke about his suffering inside the prisons, describing the conditions as the worst since 1948, calling for serious international action to free Palestinian prisoners.

In October 2023, Dr. Omar Saleh Farwana, the dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the Islamic University, was martyred in an Israeli bombing that targeted his home, killing 16 members of his family. He was the dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the Islamic University, and had more than 30 years of experience in treating infertility and IVF.

A day earlier, on October 14, Dr. Medhat Saidam, a burns doctor and surgeon at Al-Shifa Medical Complex, left the complex after seven consecutive days to check on his family, according to a statement by the Ministry of Health. Shortly after his arrival, an Israeli missile fell on the family home, killing the well-known doctor and all of his members where they remain under the rubble of their home.

On November 12, 2023, Dr. Hammam Al-Louh, a specialist in internal medicine and kidney transplantation, was killed in a bombing that targeted his home, where his father was with him.

In circumstances similar to the crime tool, scene, and victims, the medical sector lost on November 18, 2023, the director of internal medicine at Al-Shifa Complex, Dr Raafat Labad, who was one of the most prominent internal medicine and immunology doctors in the Gaza Strip.

The harvest of the Israeli war machine continued to include the head of the Department of Pathology at the Islamic University and Dar Al-Shifa Hospital, Dr. Ali Dabour, who was martyred in his home with his mother and son, and Dr. Hammam Al-Deeb, a distinguished orthopedic surgeon at the specialized clinic at the private Arab Hospital.

Assassination suspicion

Ministry of Health Director-General in Gaza Strip, Munir Al-Barsh, believes that doctors started to be  assassinated soon  after the start of the war of extermination post-October 7, 2023. He says “the most important component of life in the Gaza Strip is health, and the occupation wanted to deprive Gaza of its vital element of security, which is public health, by targeting doctors, killing hope in people’s souls and pushing them to emigrate and flee.” He explains the Gaza Strip now “needs 35 years to compensate the doctors who were killed, especially those with specific specialties.”

The Fourth Geneva Convention and its two additional protocols provided protection for the medical sector and its workers, including ambulance drivers and everyone who helps the wounded during wartime. The agreement went on to state the two conflicting parties must inform each other before the start of fighting where the hospitals are located at. While international humanitarian law stipulates that medical units should not be violated, but protected in accordance with Article 2 of the 1977 Protocol, the Israeli occupation authorities have not adhered to this since the beginning of the occupation of Palestine in 1948.

This article was reproduced from Arabic in the Palestine Information Center.

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Ahmad Al Sharaa: From Khaki-wear to a Blue Suit

With the fall of the Assad regime, Syria has turned a new page, with the opposition forces now holding the reins of the country .

An 11-day-long opposition blitzkrieg forced Bashar al Assad to flee to Moscow, dealing a death blow to the regime after 13 years of the brutal war.

Though various revolutionary groups fought for this decisive moment, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), which means Levant Liberation Committee, emerged as a dominant force under the leadership of Ahmed al Sharaa, also known by his nom de guerre Abu Mohammed al Jolani.

The US and its Western allies has designated the HTS as a terrorist organisation, putting a bounty of $10 million on his head, which was lifted recently.

But the 42-year-old Syrian leader has emerged as an indispensable force, wielding strong influence over the war-ravaged country. In late December, Sharaa met Turkish and Ukrainian foreign ministers as well as top diplomats from the US and the UK, signalling that he is the de facto leader of the new Syria.

Sharaa had a joint press conference with Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, during which the top Turkish diplomat “thanked” the Syrian leader for his “friendly” welcome to the country.

“I saw that he (Sharaa) and his friends had very clear ideas about the establishment and transition process of the new system,” said Fidan, referring to the transition process from the Assad regime rule to the new government.

Fidan and Sharaa also sat down for a tea stop in Damascus’s famous Mount Qasioun, which overlooks the capital. Mount Qasioun is believed to be the site of legendary events, such as the Biblical and Quranic figure Abel’s murder by Cain.

From a fighter in battle fatigues to a statesman in a Western suit and a trimmed beard, Sharaa’s transformation reflects the changes in the country since the fall of the Assad regime.

Since the beginning of the 11-day lightning offensive against the Assad regime, Sharaa has given several interviews and statements from CNN to Saudi state-owned Al Arabiya TVreflecting a fair degree of moderation in his worldview.

He has pledged to ease sectarian tensions and rebuild the country along the margins of justice and equality. The HTS leader also sent a message to the Western camp saying that “your interests are understood in the new Syria.”

He suggested working with Russia, an ally of the Assad regime, and sent a conciliatory message to Iran, in which he offered to develop a positive relationship even though Tehran fiercely backed Bashar al Assad in the past.

“This new triumph, my brothers, marks a new chapter in the history of the region, a history fraught with dangers (that left) Syria as a playground for Iranian ambitions, spreading sectarianism, stirring corruption,” he said, during one of his first speeches after the overthrow of the Assad regime in Damascus’s Umayyad Mosque, one of the most decorated and oldest Muslim religious structures.

In his latest interview, Sharaa suggested that elections and drafting a new constitution replacing the current Baathist charter will take several years due to the fact that the civil war has led to a large displacement and a lot of disruption in many public services.

A moderate leader?

The Biden administration has also signalled that depending on Sharaa’s path, Washington might consider removing the HTS from the US terror list.

“We have taken note of statements by the leaders of these rebel groups in recent days, and they’re saying the right things now, but as they take on greater responsibility, we will assess not just their word, but their actions,” Biden said on Dec. 8.

In a recent interview, Sharaa urged the Western leadership to lift sanctions because they were “issued based on the crimes” of the Assad regime, which is gone after the opposition victory. As a result, “these sanctions should be removed automatically”, he said.

Not only the US but also regional powerhouses like Türkiye, which has backed the opposition’s democratic aspirations against the Assad regime, also closely watching Sharaa and the new Syrian administration’s ongoing policies.

With an overwhelming majority of Syrians having lost so many loved ones in the brutal war, they are now hoping for a long-lasting peace and a life with dignity and honour.

“I have an advice for him (Sharaa/Jolani), I hope he is smart enough to know it by himself: don’t even try to be the new Assad. The Syrians who did a revolution against Assad, can do it again easily against you as well,” says Omar Alhariri, a Daraa-based Syrian journalist.

“We are looking for the future, being a good part of it. We are waiting for justice,” Alhariri tells TRT World, adding that Sharaa should lead a process in which “Syrians themselves should choose their leaders” in a democratic process.

Sharaa has recently shown his openness to a democratic order, saying the HTS and its armed allies intend to form a “council chosen by the people” and a state operating through institutions.

In March, however, he faced large protests in his previous stronghold Idlib, where protesters accused him of corruption and suppression. It remains to be seen whether his moderate rhetoric will match his future actions.

What is his background?

Born in Saudi Arabia to Syrian parents who are from the Israel-occupied Golan Heights, Sharaa grew up hearing the stories of his family’s displacement.

During the infamous Arab-Israeli War of 1967, Israel occupied the Golan Heights, rendering its inhabitants, including Sharaa’s family, homeless.

Assad’s ouster under the leadership of Sharaa is, in a way, life coming full circle. His father Hussein al-Sharaa was a pan-Arab nationalist, who was imprisoned in the 1970s by Bashar al Assad’s father Hafez al Assad. After his release, Sharaa’s father sought asylum in Saudi Arabia where he worked as an oil engineer.

In 1989, when he was seven-years-old, the Sharaa family returned to Syria’s Damascus. The young Sharaa pursued journalism, studying media.

In the 2000s, the Second Intifada left indelible marks on Sharaa’s life. While his father had cultivated strong ties with the Palestinian armed groups affiliated to the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the young Sharaa established contacts with radical groups like Al Qaeda.

“I started thinking about how I could fulfil my duties, defending a people who are oppressed by occupiers and invaders,” he said during an interview with Frontline in 2021, referring to the Palestinian resistance against Israel.

In the preceding months of the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, he joined the Al Qaeda ranks, fighting against the American occupation.

By the mid-2000s, he was imprisoned by US authorities in Iraq and subjected to difficult conditions in America’s notorious dark sites for at least five years. On his release in 2011, Sharaa stepped into a different world.

The Arab Uprisings were spreading across the Middle East, reaching Syria too. Sharaa quickly joined hands with the anti-regime forces, launching another battle against the Bashar al Assad’s rule in Syria.

Toward being a top operative

After his move to Syria, Sharaa formed Jabhat al Nusra, the Syrian wing of Al Qaeda. In 2013, when Daesh wanted to annex Syria and merge it with the parts it had captured in Iraq, Sharaa rebelled, triggering a fight between the two groups.

While Daesh lost control across both Syria and Iraq thanks to an American-led coalition interference, Sharaa’s Nusra Front survived, partly due to its anti-Daesh stance.

In 2016, Sharaa rebranded his group Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (Front for the Conquest of Syria), indicating that the new structure has its own agenda, straining its ties with Al Qaeda. The next year, he once again changed the group’s name to its current format, publicly saying that the HTS has no connections with al Qaeda.

In the last seven years, Sharaa’s HTS has focused on Syria, increasing its hold over the Idlib province, which was the last opposition stronghold in the country prior to November 27, when the 11-day offensive against the Assad regime began.

TRTWorld

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Israel’s Masked Gangs in Gaza

As part of its ongoing genocide against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, Israel is attempting to destroy the security and justice structures in the enclave by undermining public order. Israel’s inhumane strategy is designed to guarantee the Palestinians’ annihilation of one another without resorting to direct military action itself.

In order to spread chaos and insecurity as part of its genocidal war and create disastrous conditions that will result in the destruction of Palestinians in the Strip as a whole, the Israeli army has attempted to target members of the security and civil police forces as well as individuals working to coordinate the entry of humanitarian aid. Since the start of its genocide on 7 October 2023, Israel has been targeting members of these groups or teams while they are working  and even while they are in their homes or shelters. 

Chaos

The state of chaos brought about by the breakdown of the security system due to the Israeli army’s permitting of organized gangs to enter areas under its military control in order to steal humanitarian aid has resulted in the concerning rise of armed groups. These groups are composed of masked individuals who carry out coordinated attacks against civilians under a variety of pretexts, including “defending aid”, in egregious violation of civilians’ basic rights and dignity, which are guaranteed by international law.

Due to the chaos and the breakdown of the security system in the Gaza Strip, some families have started using weapons to settle disputes among themselves. This has resulted in the rise of individual retaliation and the spread of disputes and revenge through illegal means.

In addition to being a flagrant breach of international humanitarian law, Israel’s approach makes the population’s dire humanitarian situation worse. Israel’s 15-month-long genocide in Gaza has systematically destroyed civilian infrastructure, undermining political institutions and increasing the suffering of the civilian populace in ways never seen before in Gaza.

Masked Men

The Euro-Med Monitor field team has documented numerous instances in which anonymous masked men handcuffed individuals and physically assaulted or shot them—under the guise of these individuals’ involvement in thefts, attacks on private property and aid trucks, or trafficking in stolen goods—either by severely beating them or shooting them in the limbs. These actions are occurring outside of the legal system, i.e. without any legal processes to protect the rights of the accused, including their right to an investigation into accusations made against them. This is a blatant violation of fundamental rights and human dignity, and represents a grave lack of justice.

The systematic Israeli targeting of the police and security systems in the Gaza Strip makes it crucial to find effective mechanisms to control security and maintain community peace. However, any measures must be implemented within the approved legal frameworks, guaranteeing respect for people’s human dignity and the protection of their basic rights without any violations or transgressions.

Deliberate Destruction

The aforementioned violations are part of a deliberate Israeli strategy to destroy the Gaza Strip’s security and justice system by bombing official and makeshift police stations, judicial institutions, and police officers and staff, including local security personnel representing private companies or civil committees. The targeting of Palestinian courts and prisons by gangs backed by Israel in an effort to sow disarray and undermine stability is another example of the violations.

In addition to impairing the police’s capacity to maintain internal security, the Israeli occupation army’s frequent targeting of police officers or their makeshift checkpoints strikes fear in the hearts of the populace and keeps them from using these checkpoints to lodge complaints, which encourages the use of force and increases the tendency for people to take matters into their own hands, further destabilising the weakened security situation.

It is essential to uphold the values of justice and human dignity and to guarantee that those suspected of violating them are treated humanely and with discipline.

Regulating this situation and ensuring that any party tasked with upholding community security follows the law and respects human dignity are obligations of the Gaza Strip’s authorities and the relevant Palestinian factions, particularly Hamas. However, the international community must apply more pressure on Israel to cease attacking the Strip’s justice system and police, which are vital civil institutions. Ending Israel’s crime of genocide and all of its manifestations, including direct and indirect acts intended to systematically exterminate the Palestinian people, is the radical solution to all humanitarian crises in the enclave.

Euro-Med Monitor emphasizes that justice and dignity for the Palestinian people can only be attained by putting an end to Israel’s persistent crimes and violations.

Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor

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